Fire Insurance
National Insurance Company Limited (NICL) ka Fire Insurance Plan ek bahut hi zaroori policy hai jo aapki property aur uske contents ko aag (fire) aur usse jude hue kayi aur khatron (perils) se financial suraksha (protection) deti hai. Is policy ko aam taur par Standard Fire and Special Perils Policy (SFSP) ke naam se jaana jaata hai.
Yeh plan individuals (ghar ke liye) aur businesses (factory, godown, office ke liye) dono ke liye hi available hai.
National Insurance Fire Insurance Plan (SFSP) Ka Mukhya Uddeshya 🔥
Fire Insurance ka primary role unexpected aur accidental fire se hone waale nuksaan ko cover karna hai. Magar, NICL ki SFSP policy sirf aag tak seemit nahi rehti; yeh 12 se zyada ‘Special Perils’ ke khilaaf bhi cover provide karti hai.
Is policy ka maksad: Policyholder ko uski property ko hone waale nuksaan ki wajah se hone waale financial loss se bachana hai, taaki woh nuksaan ke baad apni property ko wapas usi condition mein laa sake jismein woh nuksaan se pehle thi.
1. Property Jo Cover Ki Jaati Hai (Scope of Coverage) 🏠🏭
Fire Insurance mein aap in cheezon ko cover karwa sakte hain:
Building/Structure (Imaarat):
Residential houses, apartments, offices, shops, industrial sheds, factories, godowns, etc.
Ismein building ki foundation, walls, roofs, floors, aur iske permanent fixtures (jaise lights, AC fitting, plumbing) shamil hote hain.
Contents (Samaan):
Building ke andar rakha hua movable property.
Residential ke liye: Household goods, furniture, electronic appliances.
Commercial ke liye: Stock-in-Trade (kaccha maal, finish goods), Plant & Machinery, accessories, furniture, fixtures, aur office equipment.
Basis of Valuation: Claims ka settlement aam taur par Replacement Cost (naye daam par) ya Market Value (depreciation ghata kar) basis par hota hai, jo ki policy lete samay decide kiya jaata hai.
2. Main Perils Jo Cover Hote Hain (Covered Risks) ⛈️
NICL ki Standard Fire and Special Perils Policy mein aag ke alawa yeh sabhi ‘Special Perils’ bhi cover hote hain:
Fire (Aag): Accidental aag lagna. Magar ismein woh nuksaan cover nahi hota jo garm hone, sukhane, ya jalne ki wajah se hota hai jahan aag ki laptein (flames) nahi aati hain.
Lightning (Bijli Girna): Aasmaan se bijli girne ke karan property ko hone waala nuksaan.
Explosion/Implosion (Dhamaka): Domestic gas cylinder ya industrial machinery mein hone waale dhamake se nuksaan.
Aircraft Damage (Vimaan Se Nuksaan): Kisi bhi flying machine, ya uske kisi hisse ya usse girne waale saman se property ko hone waala nuksaan.
Riot, Strike, Malicious Damage (RSMD): Danga, hadtal, ya jaan boojhkar kiye gaye nuksaan se property ko hone wala loss.
Storm, Cyclone, Typhoon, Tempest, Hurricane, Tornado, Flood and Inundation (Prakritik Aafat): Tezz aandhi, toofan, baarish, baadh, aur paani bhar jaane se hone waala nuksaan.
Impact Damage: Kisi road ya rail vehicle ya jaanwar ka property se physical takrana (lekin insured ka khud ka vehicle nahi).
Subsidence and Landslide/Rockslide: Zameen ka dhans jaana ya chattan/pathar ka girna (jab tak ki iska karan construction ya mining na ho).
Bursting and/or Overflowing of Water Tanks, Apparatus and Pipes: Paani ki tanki, pipe ya equipment ka phatna ya overflow hone se nuksaan.
Missile Testing Operations: Sarkari agencies dwara kiye gaye missile testing se nuksaan.
Leakage from Automatic Sprinkler Installations: Aag bujhane waale automatic sprinkler system se galti se paani leak hone se property ko nuksaan.
Bush Fire: Jungle ya jhaadiyon mein lagi aag se property ko nuksaan.
Note: NICL ki SFSP policy Allied Perils ko shamil karke ek comprehensive shield provide karti hai, jisse policyholder ko alag-alag policy lene ki zaroorat kam padti hai.
3. Important Exclusions (Kya Cover Nahi Hota Hai?) 🚫
Har insurance policy ki tarah, SFSP mein bhi kuch cheezein cover nahi hoti hain. Inhe jaanna bahut zaroori hai:
Consequential Loss (Indirect Nuksaan): Nuksaan ke parinaam swaroop hone waala loss. Jaise, factory mein aag lagne ke baad production band hone se profit ka nuksaan (iske liye alag se Loss of Profit/Business Interruption policy leni padti hai).
War and War-like Perils: Yudh, aatankwad (agar Terrorist Add-on nahi liya hai), aur military operations se hone waala nuksaan.
Nuclear Risks: Atomic ya nuclear energy se hone waala nuksaan.
Pollution/Contamination: Pradushan ya contamination se hone waala nuksaan.
Theft during or after Peril: Aag ya kisi aur peril ke dauran ya turant baad hone waali chori (jab tak ki woh samaan nikalne ke liye zaroori na ho). Iske liye alag se Burglary policy zaroori hai.
Electrical Breakdown: Bijli ke upkaran (equipment) ka short circuit se kharab hona (jab tak us short circuit se aag na lage).
Losses to documents, valuable papers, currency, coins, etc. (jab tak specifically cover na kiye gaye ho).
4. Add-on Covers (Atyadhik Zaroori Extensions) ➕
SFSP policy ko aur bhi zyada mazboot banane ke liye NICL kayi important add-ons offer karta hai:
Terrorism Cover: Standard policy mein aatankwad se hone waala nuksaan exclude hota hai. Yeh add-on lene par terrorism act se hone waala property loss cover ho jaata hai.
Architects, Surveyors & Consulting Engineers Fees: Aag ya nuksaan ke baad building ko dobara design/repair karwane mein engineers aur architects ki fees ka kharcha cover hota hai.
Debris Removal: Property mein nuksaan hone ke baad jo kuda-karkat (debris) jama hota hai, use hatane ka kharcha cover hota hai.
Loss of Rent/Alternative Accommodation: Agar aapki property kiraye par thi, aur nuksaan ke karan kiraya nahi mil raha ya phir rehne ke liye koi aur jagah (alternative accommodation) leni padi, toh uska kharcha.
5. Claim aur Under-Insurance Ka Niyam (The Rule of Average) 📐
Fire Insurance mein Sum Insured ka sahi hona sabse zaroori hai. Agar policyholder jaan boojhkar ya galti se kam value ka insurance leta hai (ise Under-insurance kehte hain), toh claim ke waqt Rule of Average lagoo hota hai.
Example (Ek Udaharan):
Aapki property ki Total Value hai: $\text{₹}100$ Lakh.
Aapne Insurance liya (Sum Insured): $\text{₹}80$ Lakh.
Iska matlab hai ki aapne $20\%$ kam insurance liya.
Agar $\text{₹}10$ Lakh ka partial nuksaan hota hai, toh company poora $\text{₹}10$ Lakh nahi degi.
Claim Settlement: $\text{₹}10$ Lakh $\times (\text{₹}80$ Lakh / $\text{₹}100$ Lakh) = $\text{₹}8$ Lakh hi milega.
Isliye, NICL hamesha salah deta hai ki property ka insurance uski poori, current market value par karwaya jaaye.
6. Fire Insurance Ka Mahatva (The Necessity)
Fire Insurance, business aur ghar dono ke liye ek non-negotiable investment hai.
Business Continuity: Agar factory ya shop mein aag lag jaaye, toh us nuksaan se ek chota business turant band ho sakta hai. Yeh policy business ko wapas khada hone mein madad karti hai.
Asset Protection: Yeh aapki sabse badi asset (ghar ya building) ko ek single, catastrophic event (aag) se hone waale poore loss se bachati hai.
Bank/Loan Requirement: Agar aapne property par loan liya hai, toh bank ke liye yeh insurance lena mandatory hota hai.
Antim Baat:
NICL ki SFSP Policy ek robust foundation hai jo aapki property ko aag aur kayi tarah ke prakritik aur man-made khatron se financial cover deti hai. Property owners ko policy lene se pehle Sum Insured aur Add-ons ko apni zaroorat ke hisaab se customize karwana chahiye.