Commercial Vehicel insurance
Commercial Vehicles, woh gaadiyan hoti hain jo goods (maal) carry karti hain ya passengers ko fare (kiraya) lekar le jaati hain. Jaise Trucks, Buses, Taxis, Auto-rickshaws, etc. Inka risk private cars se zyada hota hai, isliye inki policy alag hoti hai.
National Insurance Commercial Vehicle Insurance Plan: Ek Vistrit Vivechan
NICL ka Commercial Vehicle Insurance Plan in vehicles ke owners ko financial protection deta hai, jiske do main hisse hote hain (jaisa ki Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 mein zaroori hai):
1. Third-Party Liability Only Policy (TPL)
Yeh sabse basic aur legally mandatory (kanooni roop se zaroori) policy hai. Iska main maksad teesre paksh (third party) ko hone waale nuksaan ko cover karna hai, na ki aapki apni gadi ko.
Coverage Kya Hai?
Death and Bodily Injury: Agar aapki commercial gaadi se kisi teesre vyakti (jo aapki gadi mein nahi hai) ko chot lagti hai ya uski maut ho jaati hai, toh iske liye jo legal compensation (kanooni muawza) dena padta hai, woh company cover karti hai. Death/Injury ke cases mein compensation ki koi monetary limit nahi hoti (yani, unlimited liability).
Third-Party Property Damage (TPPD): Agar aapki gadi se kisi teesre vyakti ki property (jaise dusri gadi, ghar, shop, road-side ki cheezein) ko nuksaan hota hai, toh uske liye compensation diya jaata hai. Commercial Vehicles ke liye iski limit $\text{₹}7.5$ Lakhs hoti hai (Motor Vehicles Act ke anusaar).
Mandatory Personal Accident (PA) Cover: Policy ke saath owner-driver ke liye $\text{₹}15$ Lakhs ka Personal Accident cover jodna zaroori hota hai, jo maut ya permanent total disablement (hamesha ke liye apangta) hone par milta hai.
Third-Party Policy Mein Kya Cover Nahi Hota?
Aapki apni commercial gaadi ko hone waala koi bhi nuksaan (accident, fire, theft).
2. Commercial Vehicle Package Policy (Comprehensive Policy)
Yeh sabse complete protection wali policy hai. Ismein TPL ke saath-saath aapki apni gadi ko hone waale nuksaan (Own Damage) ka cover bhi shamil hota hai.
Coverage Kya Hai?
A. Own Damage (OD) Cover (Aapki Gadi ka Nuksaan):
Yeh cover aapki commercial gadi ko hone waale accidents, nuksaan ya chori se bachata hai. Coverage mein shamil hain:
Accident/Collision: Road accident ya kisi cheez se takkar ke karan gadi ko hone waala nuksaan.
Fire, Explosion: Aag, dhamaka, ya self-ignition se hone waala nuksaan.
Theft (Chori): Agar aapki commercial gadi chori ho jaati hai, toh company Insured’s Declared Value (IDV) ke hisaab se payment karti hai.
Natural Calamities: Baadh (Flood), Toofan (Cyclone), Bhukamp (Earthquake), Landslide, etc. se hone waala nuksaan.
Man-made Calamities: Danga (Riot), Hadtal (Strike), Terrorism, ya Malicious Acts se hone waala nuksaan.
B. Liability Cover:
Third-Party Liability (upar bataya gaya) ismein bhi shamil rehta hai.
Insured’s Declared Value (IDV): Samjhiye
IDV aapki commercial gaadi ki maximum value hoti hai jo company chori ya Total Loss (poori tarah kharab) hone par pay karegi. IDV gadi ki market value par fix ki jaati hai aur gadi ki age ke hisaab se depreciation (ghasara) lagaya jaata hai. Commercial Vehicles mein IDV ka sahi hona bohot zaroori hai, khaas kar Trucks aur Buses ke liye.
| Gadi ki Age | IDV Fix karne ke liye Depreciation |
| Not exceeding 6 Months | $5\%$ |
| Exceeding 6M but $\le 1Y$ | $15\%$ |
| Exceeding $1Y$ but $\le 2Y$ | $20\%$ |
| Exceeding $2Y$ but $\le 3Y$ | $30\%$ |
| Exceeding $3Y$ but $\le 4Y$ | $40\%$ |
| Exceeding $4Y$ but $\le 5Y$ | $50\%$ |
3. Commercial Policy Ke Liye Khass Add-on Covers (Bohot Zaroori)
Commercial Vehicles high-risk category mein aate hain, isliye NICL kuch special Add-ons (extra premium par) offer karta hai:
Zero Depreciation Cover (Nil Dep): Commercial Vehicles mein repair ka kharcha bahut high hota hai. Is Add-on se, claim ke waqt plastic, fiber, aur metal parts par lagne waala depreciation amount maaf ho jaata hai. Yeh Add-on naye ya kam chali hui commercial gaadiyon ke liye must-have hai.
Engine Protection Cover: Yeh zaroori hai Trucks/Buses ke liye. Engine ko hone waale Hydrostatic Lock (jab gadi paani mein doobne/chalane se kharab ho jaati hai) aur gear box ke nuksaan ko cover karta hai, jo standard policy mein nahi milta.
Return to Invoice (RTI) Cover: Agar gadi chori ho jaati hai ya Total Loss ho jaati hai, toh IDV ke bajaye company aapko gadi ka poora purchase price (on-road invoice value) wapas karti hai. Naye commercial vehicles (khaaskar mehenge trucks) ke liye yeh bohot valuable hai.
Consumables Cover: Nuts, bolts, engine oil, brake oil, grease, screws, washers, etc. jaise consumables ka kharcha accident ke baad standard policy mein nahi milta. Yeh Add-on unka kharcha cover karta hai.
Legal Liability to Paid Driver/Employees: Agar aapki gadi mein kaam karne waale driver, conductor, ya cleaner ko accident mein chot lagti hai, toh iski legal liability ko cover karne ke liye yeh extension zaroori hota hai.
4. Major Exclusions (Kya Cover Nahi Hota Hai?)
Commercial Vehicles mein policy terms aur bhi strict hote hain. In cheezon par cover nahi milta:
Invalid Driving License: Agar gadi chala rahe driver ke paas valid commercial driving license nahi hai ya gadi chalaane ki category ka license nahi hai.
Driving Under Influence: Sharab ya drugs ke asar mein gadi chalana.
Mechanical/Electrical Breakdown: Aam toot-phoot ya machine mein kharabi jo accident se na hui ho.
Using Private Car Policy for Commercial Use: Agar aapne private car ki policy li hai aur usse commercial tareeke se use kar rahe hain.
Geographical Limit: Agar gadi policy mein specified geographical area (aam taur par India) ke bahar chalti hai.
Contractual Liability: Kisi contract ke under hone waali liability.
5. Premium Aur Underwriting Factors
Commercial Vehicle ka premium decide karte samay NICL in baaton par dhyan deta hai:
Vehicle Ka Type aur CC (Cubic Capacity): Truck/Bus/Taxi/Auto-rickshaw, etc. Aur unka engine size.
Vehicle Ki Carrying Capacity: Gaadi kitna load utha sakti hai (GVW – Gross Vehicle Weight).
Geographical Zone: City/Area jahan gadi registerd hai aur operate hoti hai (Metro cities mein risk zyada hota hai).
Age of the Vehicle: Jyada purani gadi ka premium aur depreciation rate alag hota hai.
Claims History: Past mein kitne claims kiye hain (NCB loss).
No Claim Bonus (NCB):
Commercial Vehicles par bhi NCB milta hai. Agar aap poore saal koi claim nahi karte, toh renewal par aapko premium mein discount milta hai (OD component par). Iski shuruat 20% se hoti hai aur 50% tak jaa sakti hai.
Total Loss (TL) aur Constructive Total Loss (CTL):
Agar gadi ko itna nuksaan ho ki uski repair cost $\text{IDV}$ ke $75\%$ se zyada ho, toh use Constructive Total Loss (CTL) maana jaata hai aur company aapko IDV ka payment karti hai (unless RTI cover liya ho).
Conclusion:
National Insurance ka Commercial Vehicle Plan ek mazboot financial backbone deta hai. Yeh sirf kanuni zaroorat (Third Party) hi nahi poori karta, balki Comprehensive Policy aur Zero Dep, RTI jaise add-ons ke zariye business ko sudden financial setback se bachata hai. Commercial gadiyon ke owners ke liye yeh policy unke business ki nirantarta (continuity) aur assets ki suraksha ke liye bahut zaroori hai.